Brain and mood claims

Focus, memory, sleep and anti ageing promises make up this drawer: Semax and Selank, nootropic peptide sprays, delta sleep-inducing peptide, epitalon and NAD+ nasal sprays. The common thread is a small evidence base, often from one country, small groups or animal models, presented as if it applied to healthy adults.

The files sort each claimed benefit by the type of evidence behind it, from stroke studies and brain scans to mouse lifespan work, and flag where a product is not a peptide at all (NAD+ is a coenzyme). Brain claims are also hard to test well, since mood and focus scores move with expectation, so the files note whether a trial had a placebo arm. See the glossary for terms such as placebo effect and primary endpoint.